Traditional Ecological Design in Libya: A Study in the Sustainability and Environmental Adaptation of Local Architecture

This paper examines how traditional design solutions contribute to adapting to the harsh and diverse climatic conditions in Libya, with a focus on coastal, desert, and mountainous environments. The study analyzes the environmental design strategies used in traditional architecture, such as the inner courtyard, the malqaf, and the adjacent building blocks, by studying architectural models in cities such as Tripoli, Ghadames, and Gharyan. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in improving thermal comfort and reducing the impact of climatic conditions, by comparing different architectural characteristics within an environmental and climatic context.