Advances and Challenges in the Treatment and Control of Myeloid Smallpox

Mpox is a rare viral disease and continues to be a threat today. Recently, an increase in cases has been seen in African and other countries. This study aims to analyze the available evidence on advancements in Mpox treatment and the identified challenges. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted, searching the most important scientific databases and libraries. Results: Advances in the treatment of Monkeypox (Mpox) include the use of the antiviral Tecovirimat, which has shown significant efficacy in reducing symptoms and recovery time in severe cases. Additionally, vaccines such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 have been essential in reducing the severity of the infection, with vaccinated individuals exhibiting milder symptoms and a lower need for therapeutic intervention. However, challenges remain. Emerging resistance to Tecovirimat was observed in approximately 10% of patients, indicating the need for alternative therapies. In endemic regions, particularly in Africa, logistical barriers such as limited access to antivirals and inadequate infrastructure result in disparities in clinical outcomes compared to developed countries. Furthermore, therapies like Cidofovir and Brincidofovir, although promising, are associated with side effects such as hepatic and renal toxicity, limiting their widespread use. Conclusion: These findings point to a scenario of promising advancements but also highlight the need for more comprehensive approaches to ensure successful treatment of Mpox in various clinical and geographic contexts. Continuous research and more robust clinical trials are essential to optimize the treatment of the disease and overcome existing challenges.