COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GENOMIC INSTABILITY IN KAZAKH TOBET AND OUTBRED DOGS USING A NON-INVASIVE METHOD

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in aboriginal Kazakh dog breeds such as Tobet and Tazy. For their preservation and successful breeding, a thorough analysis of the nature of their hereditary traits and genome instability at different levels of biological organization is necessary. In particular, many aspects of the dog cytogenetics, including members of the Tobet dog breed are much less studied than other domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated the genomic instability of Tobet dogs in comparison with outbred dogs as a model of genetic diversity using a non-invasive method - cytomic analysis (analysis of cytological and karyological abnormalities) of buccal epithelium of the oral cavity. The study revealed significant differences in the genomic and cytologic profiles of Tobet dogs compared to mongrel dogs, with Tobet dogs showing higher levels of micronuclei and karyologic abnormalities with sex differences. The results obtained may be related to genetic factors, environmental influences or inbreeding, and emphasize the importance of continuous genetic monitoring for the conservation of this rare breed. The spectrum and characterization of karyological abnormalities of the buccal epithelium identified in dogs and the peculiarities of its use in animals are also presented.