Class and Attribute-Aware Logit Adjustment for Generalized Long-Tail Learning

Compared to conventional long-tail learning, which focuses on addressing class-wise imbalances, generalized long-tail (GLT) learning considers that samples within each class still conform to long-tailed distributions due to varying attributes, known as attribute imbalance. In the presence of such imbalance, the assumption of equivalence between the class-conditional probability densities of the training and testing sets is no longer tenable. Existing GLT approaches typically employ regularization techniques to avoid directly modeling the class-conditional probability density (CCPD) ratio between training and test data, leading to suboptimal performance. This study aims to directly estimate this ratio, for which a novel class-attribute aware logit-adjusted (CALA) loss incorporating both the CCPD ratio and the class priors is presented. Two new GLT learning methods, named Heuristic-CALA and Meta-CALA, are then proposed, which estimate the CCPD ratio in the CALA loss by leveraging the neighborhood information of samples. Extensive experiments across diverse scenarios susceptible to class and attribute imbalances showcase the state-of-the-art performance of Meta-CALA. Furthermore, while Heuristic-CALA exhibits inferior performance compared to Meta-CALA, it incurs only negligible additional training time compared to the Cross-Entropy loss, yet surpasses existing methods by a significant margin.