Association Between Fat Deposition in The Nuchal Region and Haematological Parameters in Obese and Overweight Undergraduate Students in Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Obesity and overweight are global health challenges with significant implications for cardiovascular and metabolic health. The distribution of fat, particularly in the nuchal region, and its association with haematological parameters may offer insights into the health risks faced by these populations. This study investigates the association between fat deposition in the nuchal region and haematological parameters among obese and overweight undergraduate students at Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 participants categorized into three groups: normal weight (BMI <25.0, n=30), overweight (BMI 25.0-30.0, n=30), and obese (BMI ≥30.0, n=30). Anthropometric measurements were recorded, including BMI, neck circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and cervical fat fold thickness. Blood samples were analyzed for haematological parameters using an automated haematology analyzer, and coagulation profiles were determined. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Obese participants exhibited significantly higher mean values for weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference, and cervical fat fold thickness compared to normal-weight and overweight groups (p<0.05). Haematological parameters such as HCT, HGB, and RBC did not differ significantly among the groups. However, obese participants showed significantly higher platelet counts and lower prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed significant correlations between fat deposition in the nuchal region and certain haematological parameters among obese and overweight students, highlighting potential cardiovascular and thrombotic risks in these populations. Further research is recommended to explore these associations in larger cohorts.