<i>In Vivo</i> Studies of the Effect of Nano-Indian Costus on Thyroid Gland Injury

The thyroid is an endocrine gland for follicular cells to produce and secrete the thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). These hormones are essential for maintaining body homeostasis. The unaltered Indian costus is a medicinal plant used to treat thyroid disorders. The research goal is to use nano-Indian costus in its bulk and nanoparticle forms to treat the thyroid, which an overdose of melatonin has infected. The nanosize was obtained using microwave plasma and pulsed laser ablation (PLA). Atomic force microscope (AFM) examination was used for the Indian costus sample in bulk and nanoparticle forms to ensure the best method for preparing the nanoparticle of Indian costus. It has been shown that microwave plasma gives results that are more effective than laser, where the average diameter is 21.11[Formula: see text]nm for microwave plasma and 40.02[Formula: see text]nm for laser. Also, thyroid hormones regained their normal levels after taking doses of the Indian costus nanoparticle prepared by microwave plasma. This is more effective than the Indian costus nanoparticle prepared by laser ablation.