Association of Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels in Patients with and without Diastolic Notch in Uterine Artery Doppler Ultrasonography Imaging in the Second Trimester

BACKGROUND Magnesium and calcium are essential minerals for both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, with their balance potentially influencing uterine artery function. This study explores the connection between serum magnesium and calcium levels and the presence of a diastolic notch in uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography during the second trimester, a marker that could have significant clinical implications for pregnancy outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective study, conducted from July 31, 2022, to February 28, 2023, we assessed 60 primigravida women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. We measured serum magnesium and calcium levels and analyzed their relationship with diastolic notch presence in uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography, a potential indicator of placental vascular resistance. RESULTS Participants had an average age of 25.7±3.67 years and a BMI of 25±4.02. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.77±0.26 mg/dL, while the mean serum calcium level was 9.1±0.63 mg/dL. Notably, serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in the diastolic notch group compared to the non-notch group (p=0.048), and serum calcium levels were significantly higher in the diastolic notch group (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a significant association between the presence of a diastolic notch in uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography and altered serum levels of magnesium and calcium. These findings may provide a predictive marker for placental dysfunctions such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these associations and explore their clinical utility.