Looking back in awe: spectacular advances in the marine biodiversity toolbox to support sustainable oceans

Abstract My 40-year career has spanned a rapid acceleration in interest and technical capacity to assess and understand marine biodiversity, and its role in Earth’s life support system. These advanced technologies, including modeling and statistical tools, observational and mapping capabilities, in situ experiments and measurements, genetics, lipid and stable isotope markers, and communication and collaboration tools, all offer new opportunities for major scientific advancement to a degree not previously available. These tools can enhance marine conservation efforts toward greater ecological and environmental sustainability. Drawing from three interlinked themes of biodiversity drivers, ecosystem functioning, and population connectivity, I summarize changes in my own thinking on ocean science, the top 10 lessons learned along the way, and the potential applications of new technologies to societal challenges.