Advancements in LED-based indoor visible light communication: A two-decade survey

An indoor optical wireless communication using the visible light spectrum is an evolving zone that utilizes the superior characteristics of Light Emitting Diode (LED) due to the twin added advantages such as illumination and communication. The assorted factors, such as the decline of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum, the thirst for greater bandwidth, and the focus on the license-free spectrum, paved the way for our modern communication days to drift from the RF band to the visible spectrum. This paper concisely surveys LED-based indoor visible light communication (VLC), emphasizing the growth and milestones achieved over the past two decades. The motivation for turning towards VLC is highlighted by the assessment of VLC with other spectrums, such as infrared (IR) and RF bands. The transmitter and receiver sections are discussed below, along with the various detection techniques and LEDs. Approaches to improving the performance of the system, such as filtering, equalization, beamforming, interference, and noise removal, are presented. The diverse modulation schemes are examined in detail. The possible applications of this technology are also presented.