THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE: HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The article considers the problem of the ethics of science and its development in the history of philosophical thought starting from the early modern period to the present day. First of all, the authors of the article analyse F. Bacon’s utopian work “New Atlantis” which describes the structure and activities of an ideal scientific community, establishes the ethical foundations of science and emphasises the importance of social responsibility of scientists. The article considers the development of these norms and values in the concept of “ethos of science” by R. Merton, conducts a comparative analysis of the basic principles of the ethics of science in the works of both scientists and notes their relationship. The authors of the article substantiate the idea that modern science and the consequences of the application of its discoveries in practice require the creation of new approaches to the professional and social responsibility of scientists. In this regard, the article presents the ideas of the greatest Russian scientist of the second half of the 20th century and early 21st century N. Moiseyev, who developed the principle of the global connection of a human with the world and the responsibility of scientists. The article shows the continuity in the development of ethical principles, based on which the norms and values of the scientific community continue to be updated and developed in relation to the new types of scientific knowledge and human activities.