The Conception of a Proactive Approach to Stimulating the Innovative Activity of Enterprises: Core Content, Structure, Forms, and Methods

The aim of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using the conception of a proactive approach to stimulating the innovative activity of enterprises, which reveals the content, structure, forms, and methods of a proactive stimulation system. A conceptual model of the innovation system of the economy is presented, featuring unified functions, purposes, and interaction technology during their implementation, highlighting a number of inherent and implicit characteristics of the process of forming the conception of innovative activity. A conceptual model of the system for stimulating the innovative activity of enterprises has been developed, in which the same subjects of the innovation system participate, implementing similar tasks based on a common interaction scheme regarding shared objects. The fundamental differences between these two models have been identified. A conclusion has been drawn that the conception of stimulating innovative activities of enterprises should be based on the parity of two main approaches concerning their own functioning: reactive and proactive ones. The study distinguishes two theoretical approaches to proactivity: as anticipation and preparation for change, and as a system of behavioral norms. Thus, proactivity can be attributed both to the actions of the subject (as a characteristic of its activities) and to the functioning of the system of subjects. The main features, actions, phenomena, and circumstances characterizing proactive management are highlighted. The primary characteristics of the implementation of the stimulation function and its differences from motivation are analyzed. The key traits of the proactive approach to stimulation at various levels of managing the innovation process are discussed: at the level of the subject and at the level of the system. Based on semantic analysis, forms and methods of functioning of the conception of stimulating innovative activities of enterprises based on the proactive approach have been allocated. As a conclusion, the feasibility of applying a proactive approach to stimulate innovative activities of enterprises has been substantiated. Forms and methods of functioning of proactive stimulation of innovative activities of enterprises, aimed at transforming the institutional environment and achieving an initiative character of inclusion in the innovation process, have also been formulated.