Comparative Analysis of The Physical Properties and Energy Content of Rumen-Protected Fats from Crude Palm Oil for Dairy Nutrition

Abstract Rumen-protected fat (RPF) is widely used in dairy cattle diets to increase energy density and improve milk fatty acid profile composition. The physical properties and energy content of RPF can vary depending on the method of protection, which affects ration formulation, handling, and mixing efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and energy content of RPF sourced from crude palm oil, focusing on its application in dairy feed formulations. A randomized block design, was used to analyze three different types of RPF: calcium-soap, prill fat, and triglyceride fat. Key parameters assessed included water activity, bulk density, and particle size. The results revealed significant differences among the RPF types (P<0.05), with gross energy values ranging from 37.33 to 46.77 MJ/kg. These findings indicate that all RPF types are viable options as energy supplements in dairy rations, although specific physical properties may make certain types more advantageous in particular feeding situations.