Developing an integrated happiness index and analysis of Korea’s happiness level and policy directions

This study aims to overcome the limitations of various internationally recognized happiness indices by developing an integrated happiness index to analyze Korea’s happiness level and suggest future policy directions. The scope of the study includes seven major international datasets related to happiness, such as the World Happiness Report, OECD Better Life Index, and the IPSOS Global Happiness Index. Methodologically, literature review and data analysis were conducted, particularly employing Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) to visually analyze characteristics of happiness levels across different countries. The analysis revealed that national happiness rankings are influenced not only by economic performance but also by factors such as social trust, environmental sustainability, and subjective well-being. Applying the developed integrated happiness index to OECD countries, Korea ranked 35th out of 38 nations, highlighting the need for improvements in subjective happiness and environmental sustainability relative to economic performance. Specifically, Korea showed a significant discrepancy between GDP per capita and happiness index, suggesting that long working hours and low social connectedness negatively affect subjective well-being. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for a multidimensional approach that encompasses social and cultural factors beyond economic growth to enhance the effectiveness of happiness policies. It further recommends prioritizing policies focused on mental health support and strengthening social ties in Korea alongside continued economic growth.