Mycoplasma hominis chorioamnionitis associated with preterm delivery: A case report

This case report highlights a <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> infection associated with chorioamnionitis following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in a 43-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation. The patient presented with a mild fever and increased white cell count, leading to the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. Empiric antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin was initiated, later switched to ceftriaxone. <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> was identified through routine placental cultures on CDC Anaerobic Blood Agar, and confirmed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The WGS revealed no resistance mutations to macrolides, quinolones, or tetracyclines, and predicted susceptibility to these antimicrobials. The isolate exhibited a high number of SNP differences (5471-8074) compared to publicly available <i>M. hominis</i> genomes. No specific anti-<i>Mycoplasma</i> treatment was administered, and both mother and newborn had favourable outcomes. This case underscores the importance of considering <i>Mycoplasma</i> infections in pregnancy complications and the need for specialized testing, as routine cultures may fail to detect these organisms. WGS offers a comprehensive approach to pathogen identification and drug resistance profiling, though the clinical impact of targeted antimicrobial therapy for <i>Mycoplasma</i> infections in such cases remains uncertain.