Impact of Titanium Di-oxide on High Oleic Waste Cooking Biodiesel when Fuelled Diesel in Compression Ignition Engines

The two main issues at present are environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels. To solve these issues, researchers have experimented with several biofuels for compression ignition (CI) engines. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was discovered to be an excellent alternative fuel for CI engines due to its widespread availability, biofuel, cost-effectiveness and renewable nature. Unfortunately, WCO's low fuel qualities caused CI engines' performance was low and exhaust emissions were high as a result of poor combustion. A single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled CI engine was used for this study. In the first phase of work, experiments were conducted using diesel and one-time used waste cooking oil (OTWCO) as fuels. Then in the second phase, OTWCO was converted into one time used waste cooking oil biodiesel (OTWCOB) through transesterification process and experiments were repeated. In the third phase of work, titanium dioxide Nano-fluids were prepared by solgel method, and blended with OTWCOB and experiments were conducted. Finally, all the experimental outputs from various techniques were compared and analysed. It was observed that OTWCO produced lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with higher exhaust emissions than diesel. BTE was improved while using OTWCOB as compared to OTWCO. HC, CO emissions and smoke opacity were reduced. But Nitric Oxide (NOx) emission was increased as compared to diesel. Further, it was found that BTE was improved while using titanium dioxide Nano fluids blended with OTWCOB. Exhaust emissions and smoke were drastically reduced while using OT-WCOB-N.