Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Status and Perspective

Intrahepatocyte triglyceride buildup and concurrent immune system activation, followed by histological alterations, tissue destruction, and clinical manifestations, are signs of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). One promising method of treating diabetes is cell-based therapy. In regenerative medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), which can be isolated from various tissue sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and mobilized peripheral blood, have gained increasing significance . Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) (MSC-EVs) are novel cell-free carriers with minimal immunogenicity that might inhibit harmful immune responses in tissues that are inflamed. EVs may reduce inflammation in liver conditions. Advancement in the clinical translation of EVs necessitates enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration between EV researchers, nanomedicine specialists, regulatory agencies, and clinical institutions is required. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required for better understanding cross talk between EVs and immune cells to clarify the potency and mechanisms of action of this novel potential therapeutic tool.