Biologists and Economists Perspectives on the Blue Economy

One-third of Earth is covered by ocean, and it is strengthened by massive diversity. Throughout history, humans have resided along coastal areas, investigating the growth and behaviour of marine life to enhance resource utilization and ensure their protection. The Blue Economy focuses on economic activities concentrated around the ocean, including tourism, transportation, energy, and fishing. Blue biotechnology supports sustainable growth in maritime and marine industries for economic opportunities and innovation. The blue bioeconomy and biotechnology industries are exploring untapped marine resources like microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates for various commercial applications. These marine organisms are being used to develop a diverse range of products like food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and more. However, environmental changes are impacting marine life, affecting its distribution, abundance, and composition. This is straining the blue economy and the essential services it provides to society. Hence, this review encloses the significance of researchers in various fields like food, aquaculture, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and biochemicals. In the future, biologists must need effective policies from the government, collaboration, and support of industries for the sustainable blue economy.