LONG-TERM TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE EXPOSURE AND ANNOYANCE IN A MODEL REGION

Environmental noise, particularly road traffic noise, has been considered one of the most widespread environmental pollutants. The primary aim of this study was a 30-year longitudinal investigation of road traffic noise annoyance trends in a model region - Bratislava’s continuously monitored neighbourhoods, with data collected at 10-year intervals. Using validated methods to assess noise annoyance and psychosocial well-being, along with direct sound level measurements, the study analysed responses from 3 197 university students residing in exposed and control areas. Results showed a significant rise in traffic noise burden in exposed areas from 1989 to 1999 (L Aeq = 67.5 dB), a slight decrease by 2019 (L Aeq = 63.9 dB), and further reduction during lockdowns (L Aeq = 62.5 dB). At the control site, noise levels significantly decreased from L Aeq = 50.2 dB in 2019 to L Aeq = 46 dB in 2020. Road traffic noise annoyance initially rose sharply, with ORMH values increasing from 2.56 to 6.01 over the first 10-year interval, gradually declining to ORMH 3.26 by 2023. Despite this trend, road traffic noise annoyance remains a concern, highlighting the need for preventive measures and healthier urban transport solutions.