The Literary and Devotional Legacy of Srivaishnavism

Śrivaiṣṇavism is a devotional tradition within the Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta school, centered on the worship of Mahāviṣṇu, accompanied by Śrī (Mahālakṣmī). The tradition, shaped by the philosopher Rāmānuja, integrates threefold religious activities: Upaniṣadic philosophy, Āgamic temple rituals, and the Tamil Prabandha devotional poetry of the Āḻvārs. Bhakti (devotion) and kaiṅkarya (service) are central tenets, with the ultimate goal being mokṣa (liberation), defined as eternal service to Viṣṇu. Śrivaiṣṇava practice involves daily observances (āhnikas) and participation in temple worship, with rituals such as Pañcasaṃskāra—a fivefold purification rite including branding, marking the body, adopting a devotional name, receiving mantras, and performing acts of surrender (śaraṇāgati). The sect is divided into Tengalai and Vadagalai branches, differing in philosophical interpretations and religious practices. The role of the Ācārya (spiritual teacher) is crucial, acting as a mediator between the jīva (soul) and Lord Viṣṇu. The tradition's literature, composed in both Sanskrit and Tamil, emphasizes devotion, discipline, and spiritual surrender (Śaraṇāgati). The extensive body of Śrivaiṣṇava texts addresses theological doctrines, ritual practices, and metaphysical debates, making it a rich and enduring religious tradition.