Periodontopathogen Antibacterial Properties of PMMA-HA as a Dental Implant Candidate Biomaterial in vitro

Introduction: Periodontopathogenic bacteria are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that often cause peri-implantitis such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Objective: This study is to analyze the periodontopathogen antibacterial properties of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Hydroxyapatite (HA) composites against the growth of F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. Materials and Methods: Inhibition zone of PMMA-HA against periodontopathogenic bacteria was carried out with the well diffusion method. Doxycycline 100 mg was used as a positive control while the treatment group were consisted of 5 groups; 1) the PMMA group, 2) PMMA-HA from balai besar keramik (BBK), 3) PMMA-HA group of nano particle size, 4) the HA-BBK group and 5) the HA-nano group. All samples from the treatment and positive control groups were placed on agar plate that has been inoculated with bacteria are incubated for 24 hours at temperature of 37ᵒC and were measured the inhibition zone diameter by using the digital caliper. The data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Tukey Honest Significant Different (HSD) test (p<0.05). Results: PMMA-HA has the ability to inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, A. Actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. The antibacterial activity of PMMA-HA nanocomposite against F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans was higher than PMMA-HA-BBK (p=0.0001; p<0.05). Conclusion: PMMA-HA nanocomposite has the ability to inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans better than PMMA-HA-BBK which can be considered as a candidate for dental implant biomaterials with periodontopathogenic antibacterial property to prevent peri-implantitis.