Adapting Social Protection and Legal Frameworks to Non-Standard Employment In Albania: Addressing Gaps and Ensuring Fairness in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Objectives: This study examines the impact of non-standard employment (NSE) in the contemporary labor market, with a particular focus on the socio-economic and legal implications of this phenomenon in the context of technological transformations. The research analyzes the consequences of NSE on access to social protection, job stability, and job satisfaction, linking these factors to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as poverty eradication (SDG 1), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8). Theoretical: This study is grounded in theoretical approaches from labor economics and the sociology of work, integrating concepts of labor market segmentation and employment dualism. Schumpeterian and evolutionary traditions are utilized to understand the impact of technological innovation on employment relationships, particularly in shaping intermediary employment between regular employment and self-employment. This approach helps identify regulatory gaps and social implications associated with platform-based work and short-term contracts. Method: This research uses a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A structured survey was conducted among non-standard workers in Albania to assess their employment status, contract duration, job stability, and access to social security. The survey also examines job satisfaction and workers' awareness of legal rights and benefits. The findings are supported by a review of literature, policy documents, and legal precedents. A comparative analysis of labor regulations in EU member states provides further insights for policy recommendations in Albania. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal disparities in social security access, the erosion of traditional labor rights, and increased vulnerability among platform workers due to precarious employment classifications. These inequities are exacerbated by regulatory gaps, leading to economic instability and labor market segmentation. The discussion contextualizes these findings within existing theoretical frameworks, addressing potential policy solutions. Research Implications: This study highlights the need for adaptive legal frameworks that balance labor market flexibility with social protection. The findings offer insights for policymakers to design inclusive labor policies that mitigate socio-economic disparities and ensure sustainable employment models. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the discourse on the future of work by offering a nuanced analysis of the interplay between NSE, technological innovation, and social protection. Its findings provide a valuable basis for policy development and labor market reforms.