Research Progress of FIBCD1 Mediated Host-Related Biological Functions by Recognizing Chitin

纤维蛋白原C结构域1 (Fibrinogen C Domain Containing 1, FIBCD1)属于纤维蛋白原超家族中的成员，作为一种新发现的胞膜模式识别受体，通过受体与配体的结合方式，与病原相关分子模式识别后激活细胞信号级联反应，参与宿主对多种病原体的免疫炎症反应，尤其在与几丁质及其衍生物之间的相互作用日益受到关注。FIBCD1识别和结合几丁质及其衍生物后通过维护组织物理屏障、维持宿主微生物群平衡、活化吞噬细胞、调控免疫炎症反应等多种生物学功能，提高宿主抵抗病原微生物入侵的能力。本篇通过介绍FIBCD1的分子结构与功能、几丁质生物学特性以及FIBCD1与几丁质相互识别后介导的相关生物学功能展开综述，以期未来能够为相关疾病的发生与进展提供新的理论依据及可能的治疗靶点。Fibrinogen C Domain Containing 1 (FIBCD1), a member of the fibrinogen superfamily, is a newly discovered membrane pattern-recognition receptor. By binding to ligands through receptor-ligand interactions, FIBCD1 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), triggering cellular signaling cascades and participating in the immune-inflammatory response of the host against various pathogens. The interaction between FIBCD1 and chitin and its derivatives has attracted increasing attention. After recognizing and binding to chitin and its derivatives, FIBCD1 exerts multiple biological functions, including maintaining physical tissue barriers, sustaining host microbiota balance, activating phagocytes, and regulating immune-inflammatory responses, thereby enhancing the host’s ability to resist pathogenic microbial invasion. This review introduces the molecular structure and function of FIBCD1, the biological properties of chitin, and the biological functions mediated by FIBCD1’s recognition of chitin and its derivatives. It aims to provide a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the occurrence and progression of related diseases in the future.