Research Progress of Peritumoral Edema in Meningioma

脑膜瘤是最常见的原发性颅内肿瘤之一，且其伴随的瘤周水肿在临床上常见，显著影响患者的预后与生活质量。瘤周水肿的形成机制复杂，涉及肿瘤对血管的压迫、血脑屏障(BBB)功能损伤、炎症反应及免疫细胞的参与等多个方面。当前研究主要集中在肿瘤微环境中分子机制的解析，尤其是血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)等细胞因子在水肿形成中的作用。此外，免疫系统在水肿形成中的作用日益受到关注，免疫细胞(如巨噬细胞和T细胞)对水肿的影响被认为是一个重要的研究方向。在治疗方面，传统的类固醇治疗仍然是临床控制脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的主要手段，但其长期应用可能带来副作用。因此，免疫调节药物的应用前景逐渐受到重视，研究表明这些药物在抑制水肿形成及改善患者预后方面具有潜力。此外，放疗、靶向治疗等新兴疗法也在临床试验中展示了初步效果。未来的研究应进一步深入探讨免疫细胞在水肿形成中的作用，特别是如何通过精准医学策略优化免疫调节治疗。基因组学技术的进步也为揭示个体化治疗方案提供了新的机会。在此基础上，结合新兴的成像技术与分子靶向药物，未来有望实现脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的精准治疗。Hymenoma is one of the most common primary intracranial tumors, and its accompanying peritu-moral edema is common in clinical practice, which significantly affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients. The formation mechanism of peritumoral edema is complex, involving many aspects such as tumor compression of blood vessels, BBB function injury, inflammatory response and the involvement of immune cells. Current research focuses on the molecular mechanism of tumor microenvironment, especially the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other cytokines in the formation of edema. In addition, the role of the immune system in the formation of edema has received increasing attention, and the influence of immune cells (such as macrophages and T cells) on edema is considered to be an important research direction. In terms of treatment, traditional steroid therapy is still the main means of clinical control of meningioma peritumoral edema, but its long-term application may bring side effects. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the application prospect of immunomodulatory drugs. Studies have shown that these drugs have the potential to inhibit the formation of edema and improve the prognosis of patients. In addition, emerging therapies such as radiotherapy and targeted therapy have also shown initial results in clinical trials. Future studies should further explore the role of immune cells in the formation of edema, especially how to optimize immunomodulatory therapy through precision medicine strategies. Advances in genomics have also provided new opportunities to reveal personalized treatment options. On this basis, combined with the emerging imaging technology and molecular targeted drugs, it is expected to achieve the future precision treatment of meningioma peritumoral edema.