The Influence of Translator’s Habitus on Translation—A Comparative Study of the Two Translations of <i>Heidi</i>

20世纪70年代以来，翻译学科的社会学转向为翻译研究提供了更加多维、全面的分析路径。本文基于皮埃尔·布迪厄社会学(Sociology)的基本概念，梳理场域(Field)和资本(Capital)对译者惯习(Habitus)形成的作用机制，并探讨译者惯习对译者语言特点和翻译策略的影响。本文以袁丽和张羽佳的《海蒂》两译本为研究对象，结合两位译者的个人经历，分析其所处的文化场域、翻译场域及其所拥有的文化资本，总结出两位译者分别形成了职业惯习和文化惯习，并探讨在不同惯习的影响下译文呈现的语言特点和译者采取的翻译策略。具体而言，袁丽受译者的职业惯习影响，主要使用了异化的翻译策略，尽可能地保留原文中的文化特色；张羽佳受文化政策的文化惯习影响，主要使用了归化的翻译策略，未能完全呈现源文本的内容。由此看来，学者需要结合译者的个人经历和其所处的时代背景进行翻译研究。Since the 1970s, the sociological turn of the translation discipline has provided a more multi-dimensional and comprehensive analytical path for translation studies. Based on the basic concepts of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, this thesis analyzes the mechanism of field and capital on the formation of translators’ habitus and explores the influence of translators’ habitus on linguistic features and translation strategies. This thesis takes Li Yuan’s and Yujia Zhang’s two translations of Heidi as the research objects, combines the personal experiences of the two translators, analyzes the cultural field and translation field in which they are located, and the cultural capital they possess, summarizes that the two translators have formed professional habitus and cultural habitus respectively, and explores the linguistic features and translation strategies of the translations influenced by different habitus. Specifically, Li Yuan, influenced by the translator’s professional habitus, mainly uses the translation strategy of foreignization to preserve the cultural features of the source text as much as possible; Yujia Zhang, influenced by the cultural habitus of cultural policy, mainly uses the translation strategy of domestication, which fails to fully present the content of the source text. From this point of view, scholars need to conduct translation studies in the context of the translator’s personal experience and the era in which he or she lived.