Olfactory Priming Effect: Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Application Prospects

嗅觉作为人类最古老的感觉之一，在认知、情绪和行为调控中发挥着重要作用。嗅觉启动效应指个体在接受特定气味刺激后，其后续的认知、情绪或行为受到该气味影响的现象。本文系统综述了嗅觉启动效应的基本概念、神经生物学机制及认知心理学解释，探讨了气味特性、个体差异等影响因素，并回顾了该领域的经典研究。研究表明，嗅觉启动效应不仅与边缘系统的情绪加工密切相关，还可通过语义网络和注意调节影响更高级的认知过程。进一步理解嗅觉启动效应的作用机制，将有助于提升其在市场营销、心理健康、教育等领域的应用价值。本文最后总结了当前研究的局限性，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。As one of the oldest human senses, olfaction plays a crucial role in cognition, emotion, and behavioral regulation. The olfactory priming effect refers to the phenomenon in which exposure to a specific odor influences subsequent cognitive, emotional, or behavioral responses. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental concepts, neurobiological mechanisms, and cognitive psychological explanations of the olfactory priming effect, examining influencing factors such as odor characteristics and individual differences. Classic studies in this field are also discussed. Research findings suggest that olfactory priming is not only closely linked to emotional processing in the limbic system but also affects higher-order cognitive processes through semantic networks and attentional modulation. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the olfactory priming effect may enhance its applications in marketing, mental health, education, and other fields. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of current research and provides perspectives for future studies.