Modern concepts of biological markers for coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure

The analytical review presents the data of international medical literature on using biological cardiac markers in diagnostics, prognosis, cardiovascular risk stratification, therapy targeting and monitoring of treatment effectiveness in patients with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This review details the general characteristics, biological and pathophysiological roles, and clinical value of biomarkers of lipoprotein transport and metabolism, inflammation, myocardial injury and fibrosis, myocardial stress, and gut microbiota. The search of scientific publications and fundamental studies on biological markers implementation for coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure is carried out in CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU electronic libraries and PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Google Scholar databases with a search depth of 10 years.