Designing a Sustainable Supply Chain Network With a Financial Approach in a Catastrophic Situation

The COVID‐19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the financial supply chain (FSC), with the disruption of supply and demand causing economic chaos and business disruption for companies, their customers, suppliers, and related service providers. To mitigate the financial disruption caused by COVID‐19, companies are turning to supply chain (SC) financing solutions to stabilize liquidity and maintain solvency. Sustainability in the three dimensions of economy, environment, and society as well as the integration of financial and material flows ensure the long‐term survival of an SC. Therefore, this study proposes a model for integrated physical and financial planning of a stable closed‐loop supply chain (SCLSC). This model aims to maximize profit, minimize environmental and social impacts, and minimize undesirable deviations of financial indicators from their target level. To cope with the multiple objectives of the model, the goal programming (GP) method was used and the model was implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran. The proposed model is designed for multiple periods and products. The study proposes a model for financial and physical planning during COVID‐19.