Qualitative determinants of employment in innovative firms: effect of ownership, gender and education level of top manager and types of innovation on employment in a sample of Egyptian firms

The study identifies the qualitative employment determinants in Egyptian innovative firms. Different studies found that some innovative firms have a positive effect on employment. However, other firms in other types of innovation have a negative effect on employment. The article uses BEEPS data drawn from the World Bank in the period 2012-2016. The results of ANCOVA analysis show statistically that firm age has a significant positive effect just on permanent employment. However, there do not have a significant effect on the other types of employment. Also, the top manager's experience has a positive significant effect on all types of employment. Compared with the service sector, manufacturing firms have a significant positive effect on all types of employment. For the top manager gender, male top managers have a positive significant effect on all of permanent, production and skilled employment. Owning an innovative firm has a significant negative effect on employment.