Stages and critical success factors in ERP implementation: Insights from five case studies

This study proposes a conceptualization of the implementation stages of an ERP system and identifies the critical factors that ensure success. Data collection was done in two main stages. The first stage was aimed at identifying the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for ERP implementation and was achieved by developing a structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire, which was sent to a panel of 31 Spanish experts in information systems. The aim of the second stage was to confirm the relevance of each of the identified CSFs in the different stages of the proposed ERP life cycle model. Specifically, this stage consisted of four semistructured interviews with five Spanish firms, from different industries, which have implemented an ERP system. The results of our case studies offer an understanding of the dynamics and complexity of each case, highlighting the success factors, processes, critical issues, relevant agents and influences on the five ERP implementation stages.