European Union Strategies for Technological Advancement in a Shifting Geopolitical Landscape

The European Union (EU) increasingly views technological capability as a cornerstone of its strategic autonomy amid global power shifts. Major technology domains – from artificial intelligence and semiconductors to green tech, digital infrastructure, cybersecurity, and space – have become arenas for geopolitical competition and cooperation. In response, the EU has launched comprehensive policies and investments to manage and advance its technological resources. These efforts are driven by a recognition that leadership in technology underpins economic strength, security, and resilience in the face of challenges such as the U.S.–China tech rivalry, supply chain disruptions, the war in Ukraine, and the need for transatlantic coordination. This article provides an analysis of the EU’s strategies across key tech domains and examines how policy initiatives align with current geopolitical challenges.