Hybrid Energy Storage System with DC-DC Boost Converter and MPPT P&O Control for Optimized Photovoltaic Power Management

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) integrated with a DC-DC boost converter and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control strategy based on the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The system aims to enhance energy efficiency and optimize power management in solar PV applications by efficiently storing excess energy generated during high irradiance and maintaining a stable power supply during periods of low irradiance. The hybrid approach combines high-energy-density batteries for continuous power supply with supercapacitors that deliver rapid bursts of power, reducing stress on the batteries and extending their lifespan. The DC-DC boost converter increases the PV panel output voltage to the required level for efficient charging of both storage devices. The MPPT P&O algorithm dynamically tracks the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV panels to maximize energy extraction, adjusting the operating voltage in response to environmental changes such as irradiance and temperature. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink validate the proposed system's performance, demonstrating improved energy conversion efficiency and a significant reduction in battery degradation. The MPPT P&O technique, combined with the hybrid storage system, achieves an overall energy management efficiency of 98%, making it an ideal solution for off-grid solar energy applications. This work highlights the potential of hybrid energy storage systems in enhancing the reliability and longevity of renewable energy systems.