Biocompatible Seed Coats and Enzyme Immobilization Approaches in Agriculture Using Porous Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes

Abstract In response to the pressing challenges facing contemporary agriculture, this study focuses on the development of a biocompatible seed coat composed of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with immobilized alpha‐amylase (AA), supplemented with magnesium oxide nanoparticles and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid. These innovative multifunctional seed coats applied to Zea mays seeds, function as nutrient delivery channels, protective barriers, and enzymatic enhancement materials. The immobilization of AA within the MCM‐41/PMMA porous membrane was achieved utilizing a covalent bonding strategy to ensure enzyme stability. The resultant seed coats exhibited prolonged enzymatic activity, pH, and temperature effects on immobilized AA, facilitating enhanced seed germination and early seedling growth. The novel matrix was characterized through various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), to confirm successful enzyme immobilization and the formation of the composite. Aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), this study supports sustainable farming practices that enhance crop yields and promote environmentally responsible resource management.