Compatibility between Stability and Curving Ability of Railway Vehicles Using Conventional and Unconventional Bogie Frame Models

<div>This article analyses the fundamental curving mechanics in the context of conditions of perfect steering off-flanging and on-flanging. Then conventional, radial, and asymmetric suspension bogie frame models are presented, and expressions of overall bending stiffness <i>k<sub>b</sub> </i> and overall shear stiffness <i>k<sub>s</sub> </i> of each model are derived to formulate the uniform equations of motion on a tangent and circular track. A 4 degree of freedom steady-state curving model is formulated, and performance indices such as stability, curving, and several parameters including angle of attack, tread wear index, and off-flanging performance are investigated for different bogie frame configurations. The compatibility between stability and curving is analyzed concerning those configurations and compared. The critical parameters influencing hunting stability and curving ability are evaluated, and a trade-off between them is analyzed.</div> <div>For the verification, the damped natural frequencies and mean square acceleration response (MSAR) of the mathematical model are analyzed with the same determined from the finite element model and experimental test, respectively. The results determined from mathematical and finite element simulation and experimental tests are found to be similar; therefore, the formulated mathematical model is verified.</div>