Micropropagation of Callisia Fragans Lindl and Saponin Accumulation in Tissue Cultures

Callisa fragans plant plant is one of the medicinal sources for treating diseases such as infections, osteoarthritis, burns.... Contains valuable active ingredients in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, helping to increase cell resistance, and stimulating cell regeneration. Callisa fragans plant needs to be researched to preserve and develop precious medicinal resources in the tropics. Research on the development of in vitro micropropagation process of Callisa fragans plant and analysis of accumulated saponin (oleanolic acid). The shoots germinated from the stem nodes were used as culture explants. On MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA, the shoot regeneration rate from the stem nodes was 82%. Shoot cluster culture on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA produced 1.46 shoots/sample. Rapid shoot multiplication on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l IBA gave 5.87 shoots/sample after 4 weeks of culture. Shoots cultured to form roots on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA had an average number of roots reaching 30 roots/shoot, average root length of 3 cm in 4 weeks of culture. Cultivating shoots on clean soil substrate has a high survival rate, good growth, and plant height reaches more than 15 cm after 2 months of care. The MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4D + 1 mg/l kinetin gave the best callus formation results, reaching 76% after 18 days of culture. Callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4D + 0.5 mg/l kinetin gave a growth index of 4.49. Analysis of active ingredients showed the accumulation of saponin in callus and in vitro shoots.