Assessment of the impact of oil products on the development of agricultural plants

The study focuses on the pressing environmental challenge of oil pollution and its detrimental effects on agroecosystems, which play a pivotal role in global food security. With the growing demandsof modern sustainable development, industrial and transportation systems are faced with the dual challenge of achieving economic progress while minimizing ecological harm. Among the most significant concerns is the contamination caused by petroleum products, which profoundly affects soil quality, plant health, and overall ecosystem stability. The article explores the toxic mechanisms of hydrocarbons on plant development, particularly their impacts on seed germination, root elongation, and photosynthetic processes, which are essential for growth and productivity. It has been found that even low concentrations of oil products (1–3.0 mg/kg) have a toxic effect on seed germination, root development, and physiological processes such as photosynthesis. It was found that the acidity of the soil varies depending on the degree of oil contamination. In sample № 1, the pH = 6 indicates a rather acidicand toxic soil with iron, aluminum and manganese, which limits the yield to 50%. In sample № 2, the pH = 6.4 indicates satisfactory soil acidity. Laboratory tests confirm that natural decomposition and leaching of oil products occurred in the contaminated soil within 6 months, indicating that the soil has begun to cleanse itself through natural mechanisms. By addressing the intersection of environmental sustainability, industrial activity, and agricultural productivity, this research offers valuable insights for agricultural practitioners. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysisof the impact of petroleum products on the growth and development of agricultural plants, taking into account both the initial and long-term effects. The mechanisms of toxic effects of hydrocarbons on plant physiological processes are studied in detail. Particular attention is paid to the identification of pollution-resistant plant species that can serve as bioindicators or be used for phytoremediation of contaminated areas.