Unveiling the Spatiotemporal Landscape of Ganoderma lingzhi: Insights into Ganoderic Acid Distribution and Biosynthesis
Ganoderma lingzhi ( G. lingzhi ), renowned as the “mushroom of immortality” in traditional Chinese medicine, has emerged as a powerful medicinal model organism. Ganoderic acids (GAs) from G. lingzhi , are potent triterpenoids with substantial therapeutic properties. However, the GA biosynthetic pathway remains poorly understood, which limits its large-scale commercialization. Therefore, this study utilized high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to spatially map GA distribution in both the primordium and fruiting body, revealing predominant accumulation in the G. lingzhi shell. Additionally, the telomere to telomere (T2T) genomes of two haploid G. lingzhi strains were assembled, achieving the highest integrity and quality reported to date. A T2T-genome-based high-resolution single-cell transcriptome atlas of the G. lingzhi fruiting body was constructed, six distinct cell types were identified, and the developmental trajectory of shell was reconstructed. A multi-omics analysis was used to annotate a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme (GlCYP512A3) that catalyzes the oxidation of the GA 3-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid (GA-HLDOA) into ganolucidic acid E and F. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive spatiotemporal multi-omics framework for G. lingzhi , providing crucial insights for deciphering complex GA biosynthesis and regulatory networks.
Authors
- Lihui Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-4791)
- Feng Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-5394)
- Hui Xiong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-2992)
- Wenxiao Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-675X)
- Shengpeng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-1821)
- Hongguo Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-8699)
- Xiaoxue Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-4393)
- Shasha Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-9450)
- Jun Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-2734)
- K.G. Zhang
- Zheyong Xue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-9794)
- Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Chengwei Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-2080)
- Long Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-7163)
- Chang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-792X)
- Wei Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-7328)
- Zhenhao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-9450)
- Xin Hua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-1293)
- Jing Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5571-7079)
- Chunqing Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-7230)
- Zhichao Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-5734)
- Shuang‐Cheng Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-806X)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Shuhao Xu
- Jing Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-5470)
- Yupeng Du
- Jing Wu
- Shuang Peng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6485-2757)
Institutions
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- University of Macau (MO)
- China Banking Regulatory Commission (CN)
- Buchang Pharma (China) (CN)
- Zhejiang Medicine (China) (CN)
- Northeast Forestry University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Engineering
- Published
- 2025-04-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.030
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.76