Bioethical reflections on the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through biomarker research

Objectives: To reflect, in light of bioethics, on Alzheimer's disease diagnosis through biomarker research. Methods: The aim of this opinion article is to discuss the use of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Results: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through biomarker detection opens new horizons for research into the disease, allowing the detection of pathophysiological changes before symptoms appear. However, the method is still limited from a clinical point of view and raises several ethical considerations. However, it is worth asking whether patients with biomarkers but no symptoms can be considered to already have the disease or are simply at risk of it. Analysis of arguments for and against the practice indicates that, to date, there is no clear definition of which patients should undergo biomarker measurement. Conclusions: This study discusses the repercussions of requesting biomarker tests for suspected Alzheimer’s cases, reflecting on the attending professional’s role. Initially, a thorough clinical evaluation should be performed. Subsequently, based on analysis of the patient’s characteristics beyond purely clinical aspects, requests for biomarkers can be discussed, without forgetting the repercussions for individuals who face positive results.