Sustainable regional development planning based on coastal disaster risk assessment (Case study: North coast of Central Java)

Abstract The northern coastline of Central Java has transformed into a hub of economic activity and significant regional development. Nonetheless, this area faces risks from hydrometeorological disasters, such as flooding along the coast and severe waves. This study assesses the correlation between the levels of regional development and coastal disaster risks, aiming to support planners and policymakers in formulating sustainable development plans. Regional development is identified based on economic, poverty, demographic, social, and environmental indicators, while hazard, vulnerability, and capacity indicators are used to assess coastal disaster risks. Data were collected using literature research. The data analysis methods employ scoring techniques, a hazard-vulnerability-capacity correlation matrix, and an integration matrix of regional development and disaster risk. Findings indicate that Semarang City leads in regional development, attributed to its robust economy and infrastructure, while other areas show low to moderate levels. Coastal disaster risk analysis reveals that Pemalang, Demak, Pati, Jepara, and Semarang face high risks due to low-capacity levels, emphasizing the need for targeted disaster mitigation measures. The study highlights that no region on the northern coast achieves an optimal balance of high development and low disaster risk, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Policy recommendations focus on prioritizing structural and non-structural mitigation efforts in high-risk areas to enhance resilience and promote sustainable growth. The findings of this research will contribute directly to achieving sustainable cities and settlements (SDGs 11) by implementing holistic disaster risk management at all levels.