Exploring Undrained Cyclic True Triaxial Behavior of Granular Assemblies Using DEM

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the undrained behavior of granular soils under true triaxial cyclic loading conditions, considering fabric anisotropy and variations in the Lode angle. The discrete Element Method coupled with a fluid interaction scheme (DEM-CFM) was employed to simulate cyclic loading on soil samples with varied initial fabric configurations. The study reveals several key findings: the liquefaction susceptibility of granular assemblies is significantly influenced by fabric anisotropy; the Lode angle markedly affects the undrained cyclic response of these soils; and the behavior of phase transformation and failure lines depends on the initial fabric and Lode angle.