Review of radioecological monitoring concepts in areas affected by nuclear facilities

Abstract One of the prerequisites for the deployment of nuclear energy, alongside economic competitiveness, optimal use of raw material potential, and technological support for the nonproliferation regime, is its environmental acceptability. Nuclear fuel cycle facilities have a multifaceted impact on the environment. However, public attention is primarily focused on the radiation factor specific to nuclear energy production. Therefore, developing a radioecological monitoring (REM) system in regions where nuclear power plants are located is crucial to ensuring the safety of these facilities for the population. The implementation of the REM system enables the assessment of compliance with safety standards during the operation of nuclear power plants. A review of international documents regulating monitoring systems and examples of the application of these recommendations in regions potentially affected by nuclear facilities are provided. The periodically revised safety standards set by the IAEA are highlighted as pivotal components of the global framework for radiation protection for both individuals and the environment. Examples of the implementation of principles recommended by international regulations for assessing the safety of nuclear facilities are also provided.