Current Radioecological State of Groundwater at the “Azgir” Test Site Based on 2023 Monitoring Results

Abstract The article presents the results of groundwater monitoring conducted in 2023 at the former nuclear test site “Azgir.” This site, where underground nuclear explosions were carried out for peaceful purposes between 1966 and 1979, remains an area under ecological monitoring. The study aimed to determine the level of contamination of groundwater with radioactive and chemical elements. Samples were collected from 27 wells and boreholes for this purpose. The results showed that the activity of artificial radionuclides such as Cs-137 and Pu-239+240 does not exceed permissible limits. Elevated levels of total alpha and beta activity, as well as harmful chemical indicators, are attributed to natural radionuclides and the geochemical characteristics of the region rather than the activities at the test site. The water was deemed unsuitable for drinking, as confirmed by the calculations of the heavy metal pollution index. Continued monitoring is necessary to mitigate potential risks and ensure environmental safety.