Motivational Determinants of Adoption of Tarpaulins and Hermetic Bags for Maize Drying and Storage in Rukwa and Katavi Regions, Tanzania

This paper investigated the adoption of two key improved postharvest technologies—tarpaulins for drying and hermetic bags for storage—among smallholder maize farmers in Rukwa and Katavi regions, Tanzania - using the comprehensive Diffusion and Adoption Model. These two technologies were disseminated in the study area, yet adoption rate remained low. The objectives were to: assess the extent of adoption; analyse the motivational factors influencing adoption; and evaluate how these factors affect the likelihood of adoption. A total of 365 farmers were selected through proportionate stratified sampling during the 2021/2022 agricultural season. Data collection involved structured questionnaires for quantitative data and focus group discussions and key informant interviews for qualitative insights. The analysis utilised thematic content analysis and bivariate probit regression using STATA 17. Findings revealed that male farmers were significantly more likely to adopt tarpaulins (Coef = 1.132; p < 0.01), but less likely to adopt hermetic bags (Coef = -2.668; p < 0.01). Older farmers were less likely to adopt hermetic bags (Coef = -0.146; p < 0.01), whereas greater farming experience increased adoption (Coef = 0.112; p < 0.05). Higher income decreased tarpaulin use (Coef = -0.351; p < 0.05) but increased hermetic bag adoption (Coef = 0.774; p < 0.01). Membership in farmer groups (Coef = 0.932; p < 0.01) and access to extension services (Coef = 0.391; p < 0.05) positively influenced hermetic bag adoption. Farmers facing credit limitations were more likely to use tarpaulins (Coef = 0.601; p < 0.01). Negative attitudes and limited awareness reduced adoption rates. The paper highlighted the influence of gender, age, income, experience, social connections, and extension access on technology adoption. It recommends gender-inclusive training, financial support, strengthened extension services, and market incentives to promote adoption. These interventions can reduce postharvest losses, increase incomes, and enhancing food security among smallholder farmers.