The dynamic sustainable tourism at Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Borneo, Indonesia: International actors and conservation issue

This study reveals the involvement of international actors and the dynamics of sustainable tourism in Tanjung Puting National Park. The research highlights the contributions of U.S. agents to the development of the park and the significant ecological issues surrounding it. Orangutans, the primary attraction for tourists, draw visitors who wish to observe and interact with them according to the guidelines established by the park. The challenges of sustainable tourism extend beyond environmental concerns, encompassing social issues as well. Failure to maintain the ecological system can lead to environmental degradation and illegal logging in the surrounding areas. To ensure the sustainability of tourism in Tanjung Puting National Park, it is crucial to preserve the environment, uphold the ecological system, and follow proper governance and procedures for tourist activities. Environmental, social, and institutional challenges are anticipated to impact the sustainable development of tourism. Environmental change, a complex and often controversial ecological issue, affects the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Consequently, the impact of environmental changes will be greater for natural resources and dependent industries, with significant implications for the sustainability and management of national parks. The environment around Tanjung Puting National Park is already beginning to experience signs of stress, with river water discoloration due to pollution from nearby illegal oil palm plantations. This study employs qualitative research methods, with data collected through observation, official websites of the West Kotawaringin tourism office and the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, the United States Agency for International Development, relevant journals, and news sources.