Quantum weak measurement amplifies dispersion signal of Rydberg atomic system

This paper presents a scheme to amplify dispersion signal of Rydberg atomic microwave detection system, using a quantum weak measurement technique together with improved dimensionless pointer. The scheme effectively mitigates the impact of technical noise and can be used to achieve a measurement precision close to the limit set by atomic shot noise in theory. Compared with the superheterodyne method based on transmission detection, our scheme has been experimentally proved to have a sensitivity increase of 5 ~ 6 dB. In this work, the Rydberg dispersion signal amplification mechanism offers an approach to enhance microwave detection sensitivity, which also facilitates deeper investigations into its dynamic processes and further applications of this mechanism in quantum communication and quantum control. The authors propose a weak value measurement scheme to amplify the dispersion signal of Rydberg atom-based microwave electric field sensors using a superheterodyne technique. Experimentally, they demonstrate that this scheme improves the sensitivity of the microwave receiver by ~ 5-6dB compared to traditional amplitude-based superheterodyne detection.