Renal Atrophy Following Selective Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Angiomyolipoma as an Uncommon but Significant Complication: A Case Report and Literature Review

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor that is often treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) to prevent complications such as hemorrhage. Although TAE is generally effective, it can lead to complications, including renal ischemia and atrophy. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman who underwent embolization for a right renal AML. After the procedure, she experienced damage to the renal artery, which resulted in progressive kidney shrinkage and impaired renal function. This case highlights the potential complications of embolization in managing renal AML and highlights the necessity for the long-term monitoring of renal function after the procedure.