Slotted Double E-Shaped Multiband Antenna Design for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks in Vertical Farming Applications

Vertical farming is also one of the indoor farming environments that offers a rich source of ambient radio frequencies (RF) generated by wireless communications and IoT devices. This paper presents a multiband antenna designed to efficiently harvest RF energy across multiple bands (2.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 5.5 GHz), enabling self-powered wireless sensor networks. This paper demonstrates through simulation and modeling that our multiband design significantly improves energy harvesting efficiency compared to single-band approaches. This advancement has direct implications for indoor farming, where wireless sensors are essential for precision monitoring of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light levels. This paper contributes to the development of sustainable, self-sufficient wireless sensor networks, reducing battery reliance and promoting data-driven decision-making for optimized crop yields in controlled agricultural environments.