IoT-based Rice Field Water Level Control and Monitoring System

Rice is a crucial global staple crop, ranking third in production and consumption after wheat and maize. Farmers often face reduced crop yields due to improper monitoring of water levels in rice fields, which can affect rice development when water levels and humidity are not maintained correctly. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, this challenge can be addressed remotely. This study developed a system to monitor rice field and weather parameters in real-time, automate water level control, and provide notifications via Skype. The system, built on a Raspberry Pi, utilized web-scraped weather data and a DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity readings. An HRSC04 ultrasonic sensor monitored water levels, and the Raspberry Pi automatically activated pumps to maintain farmer-specified water levels, adjusting for planting methods like direct seeding or transplanting. A 10-second delay was incorporated for better abnormality detection. The system sent notifications via Skype when abnormalities were detected and resolved. A survey using the FURPS model and Likert Scale rated the system with an overall score of 4.6, indicating excellent performance.