FedSTDN: A Federated Learning-Enabled Spatial-Temporal Prediction Model for Wireless Traffic Prediction

Wireless Traffic Prediction (WTP) plays a significant role in achieving intelligent resource management for communication systems. However, WTP still faces challenges such as inaccurate prediction resulting from the complex spatial-temporal characteristics due to user mobility, high communication overhead caused by the complexity of the prediction model, and user privacy issues stemming from Centralized Learning (CL). To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a WTP framework under the Federated Learning (FL) strategy called Federated Spatial-Temporal Dual-attention based Network (FedSTDN). Aiming at improving communication efficiency and simultaneously representing various wireless traffic patterns, a data augmentation-based clustering algorithm is adopted, which groups cells into different regions using a small augmented dataset, facilitating subsequent processing. To improve prediction performance, a local prediction model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is proposed to capture the short- and long-term dependencies of traffic. Additionally, a novel Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) layer is introduced to replace the traditional Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) layer, further enhancing prediction performance. Simulations on two different real-world datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of FedSTDN. Compared to the well-performing baseline, the proposed FedSTDN achieves up to 32.83% and 24.30% improvements in Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) on the Milan dataset, respectively. For the Trentino dataset, FedSTDN achieves up to 17.25% and 5.86% improvements in MSE and MAE, respectively.