The urgency of anti-bullying digital literacy in habituating the character of junior high school students in Yogyakarta city

Lack of understanding and digital literacy skills among junior high school students in Yogyakarta City causes a high risk of online bullying and negative impacts on student character. This study aims to map the perceptions of junior high school students in Yogyakarta towards bullying at school. The quantitative approach is a survey type involving 990 students from 10 junior high schools in Yogyakarta. The number of samples used in this study was determined using the formula explained by Krejcie and the Lameshow formula. Respondents filled out a questionnaire about the perceptions of junior high school students in Yogyakarta towards bullying at school, distributed via Google Forms. This questionnaire covers various aspects such as their experiences related to bullying, the frequency of bullying, the place or setting where bullying occurs, and the strategies students use to overcome bullying. Quantitative data from this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques by calculating the percentage of various responses from students who were the research samples. The results of the analysis showed that verbal bullying and cyberbullying were the most dominant types, but socio-cultural bullying and sexual bullying were rarely reported. The locations where bullying most often occurs are in the classroom when there is no teacher supervision, on social media, and in the play area or sports field. However, bullying on the way to or from school is relatively rare due to the Yogyakarta culture, which prioritizes parental supervision on the way to school. This finding highlights the importance of social and cultural context in understanding the dynamics of bullying locations. It confirms that the supervision factor in various school environments is crucial in prevention efforts.