Green IoT: Energy Efficiency, Renewable Integration, and Security Implications

ABSTRACT The increasing proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has resulted in rising energy demands, making energy management a crucial challenge for sustainable development. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of energy management strategies in IoT, focusing on energy harvesting and energy‐saving techniques aimed at reducing energy consumption and extending the lifespan of IoT networks. In particular, the authors explore the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar, thermal, and mechanical energy, to reduce the carbon footprint and improve the efficiency of IoT devices. Additionally, the survey highlights the security vulnerabilities that arise from energy management practices and proposes mitigation strategies to ensure secure and sustainable IoT ecosystems. The findings emphasise the importance of optimising both energy efficiency and security in future IoT deployments.